Molecular Signal Integration of Aging and Diabetes Mellitus

DM is considered as the cause of accelerated aging. Numerous biomedical studies have proved the key role of neuroimmune-endocrine interactions in the human body, which trigger the universal molecular pathways in the development of aging and DM (GH/IGF-1, Ras-MAPK, FOXO3A, sirtuin, mTOR, CETP, Timeless gene, TZAP pathways). Modern methods of proteomic and bioinformatic analysis allow us to investigate key genomic-proteomic interactions that underlie diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 2 DM. The study of the formation and development of DN can become the model for studying molecular pathways of aging of kidney tissue. Future biomedical research based on methods of high-throughput screening (HTS) of a pool of target molecules will lead to great advances in the diagnosis of aging stages and DM, as well as the development of methods for the prevention and therapy of accelerated aging of the human body and various violations of carbohydrate metabolism (1D-2D/MALDI-TOF-MS, HTS, biochips, biosensors)

Risk Prediction of Early and Late Acquired Glomerular and Tubular Dysfunctions in Patients with Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism

The purpose of this study was to create a new system for predicting the risk of glomerular and tubular dysfunctions (GTD) in patients with disorders of carbohydrate metabolism (DCM) based on standard parameters and new molecular markers for the development of kidney damage in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and T2DM patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Material and Methods: The study included 69 patients: 16 patients with IGT (Group 1), 28 T2DM patients with MAU (Group 2), and 25 T2DM patients with MacAU (Group 3), according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria in the research. All patients were stratified by the MDRD. The control group (Group 4) included 11 healthy individuals. The duration of DN was 10.5 years. At the stage of data collection and screening, the standard methods of identification of IGT, DM and DN were applied. Additional methods are included quantitative analysis of the level of α-GST and π-GST, MMP-9 in urine by ELISA. Result: Analysis of the correlation interactions of the level of standard risk factors for the development of renal damage in patients with IGT and DN with the level of new molecular markers in urine and blood allows us to identify and introduce into clinical practice new screening tests reflecting the key molecular interactions that underlie the development of GTD in patients with DCM